Beginners are loud because they can’t see the cliff yet. Experts are quiet because they’ve fallen off it.

Confidence often peaks before knowledge does. Early on, a subject looks small because you have only met the parts that are easy to see. The people who have gone further speak carefully because they have met the edges and know what a wrong answer can cost.

When someone sounds certain, ask how many times they have actually done the thing. Ask the quiet person what worries them about the plan. And if you are early in something, let yourself be loud in private and curious out loud.